If you’re looking for the best moisturizing humidifiers for your bedroom in 2025, I recommend models with large tanks, quiet operation, and smart features. Options like LEVOIT’s 3L and 2.5L top-fill units, Dreo’s 4L and 6L models, and Homvana’s 3.6L humidifier offer all-day use, easy maintenance, and customizable mist. These humidifiers promote a healthier, more comfortable sleep environment. Stay tuned to see which ones stand out and find your perfect fit.
Key Takeaways
- Choose models with 2.5L to 6L tanks for all-day moisture without frequent refills, suitable for bedrooms up to 600 sq ft.
- Prioritize quiet, whisper-quiet units (around 23-28dB) for undisturbed sleep and relaxation.
- Opt for top-fill, easy-to-clean designs with antimicrobial surfaces to maintain hygiene and simplify maintenance.
- Look for features like adjustable mist levels, built-in hygrometers, and smart app control for precise humidity management.
- Select models with safety features like auto shut-off, leak-proof construction, and BPA-free materials for a safe, healthy environment.
LEVOIT Top Fill Humidifier for Bedroom (2.5L Tank)
If you’re looking for a humidifier that’s perfect for large bedrooms, the LEVOIT Top Fill Humidifier is an excellent choice. Its 2.5-liter tank offers up to 25 hours of continuous humidification on low, ideal for relieving congestion and dry throats overnight. The top-fill design makes refilling quick and spill-free, while the large opening simplifies cleaning. Quiet operation at just 26dB ensures peaceful sleep, and the adjustable mist knob with a 360-degree nozzle gives you full control over humidity levels. Plus, safety features like auto shut-off and BPA-free materials make it a smart, safe choice for your bedroom.
Best For: those seeking a quiet, large-capacity humidifier suitable for bedrooms, nurseries, or large living spaces to improve air quality and comfort.
Pros:
- Up to 25 hours of continuous humidification on a single fill, ideal for overnight use
- Easy top-fill design and large opening for quick refilling and simple cleaning
- Quiet operation at just 26dB, ensuring peaceful sleep and a relaxing environment
Cons:
- Only one mist output setting may limit customization for some users
- The 2.5L tank may require more frequent refilling in very large or highly humidified rooms
- Lacks additional features like aromatherapy or digital displays, which some users may prefer
LEVOIT Humidifier for Bedroom with 3L Tank
The LEVOIT Humidifier for Bedroom with a 3L tank is an ideal choice for those seeking continuous moisture support through the night, thanks to its large water capacity that lasts up to 25 hours. It operates at just 25W, effectively easing congestion, coughing, and dry mouth caused by dry air. Its upgraded top-fill design makes refilling effortless without tilting or spilling, while the simple knob control adjusts mist output easily. The 360° nozzle directs mist where needed, and automatic shut-off guarantees safety when water runs out. Its quiet operation and aromatherapy compatibility make it perfect for creating a peaceful, soothing sleep environment.
Best For: those seeking a quiet, long-lasting humidifier with aromatherapy capabilities for bedrooms, nurseries, or large rooms.
Pros:
- Large 3L water tank provides up to 25 hours of continuous humidification, reducing the need for frequent refills
- Quiet dual operation ensures a peaceful environment perfect for sleep or relaxation
- Easy top-fill design and adjustable mist with 360° nozzle make usage simple and customizable
Cons:
- Limited to 25W power, which may be less effective in extremely large or highly dry spaces
- Only compatible with 10–15 drops of essential oils, which may not suit those wanting stronger aromatherapy effects
- Might be too large for small spaces or minimal use areas
Dreo Smart Humidifier for Bedroom (4L, Black)
The Dreo Smart Humidifier stands out as an ideal choice for anyone seeking fast, effective moisture relief in large bedrooms or living spaces. Its 4L tank covers up to 300 sq ft, delivering ultrafine 5μm mist that evenly humidifies without wet surfaces. With a quiet operation of just 28dB and a 36-hour runtime, it ensures uninterrupted comfort. The smart features include a digital display, app control, and compatibility with Alexa or Google Assistant, making adjustments effortless. Its sleek black design, top-fill tank, and easy maintenance make it both functional and stylish—perfect for creating a healthier, more comfortable indoor environment.
Best For: those seeking a quiet, efficient, and smart humidification solution for large bedrooms, nurseries, or living spaces up to 300 sq ft.
Pros:
- Ultrasonic 5μm mist provides even and surface-free humidification for a healthier environment.
- Smart features including Wi-Fi control, app compatibility, and voice commands with Alexa/Google Assistant for effortless operation.
- Quiet operation at just 28dB and up to 36 hours of continuous runtime for uninterrupted comfort and sleep.
Cons:
- Demineralization cartridge not included, requiring additional purchase for optimal performance.
- Slightly larger footprint due to its capacity and design, which may not suit very small spaces.
- Requires Wi-Fi connection for full smart functionality, which might be a limitation in areas with unstable internet.
Dreo 6L Humidifier for Bedroom with Smart Mist and Timer
Designed for those who want effortless, precise humidity control, the Dreo 6L Humidifier offers smart features that make managing indoor air quality simple. It quickly produces warm or cool mist within five minutes, with a mist temperature of 133°F for instant relief. Covering up to 550 ft² with MistWave technology, it ensures even distribution across large rooms. The device provides three modes—manual, auto, and sleep—and maintains humidity within ±5%, twice as accurate as typical humidifiers. Plus, its smart app allows remote control, humidity monitoring, and automation, making it easy to keep your bedroom perfectly moist and comfortable.
Best For: those seeking effortless, precise humidity control and smart connectivity for large bedrooms and living spaces.
Pros:
- Rapidly produces warm or cool mist within five minutes for immediate relief
- Covers up to 550 ft² with even mist distribution thanks to MistWave technology
- Connects to the Dreo app for remote control, humidity monitoring, and automation
Cons:
- Requires periodic replacement of demineralization cartridges for optimal performance
- May be more expensive than basic humidifiers without smart features
- The device’s size and tank capacity might be less suitable for very small spaces
Homvana 3.6L Cool Mist Ultrasonic Humidifier with 7 Color Light
If you’re looking for a versatile humidifier that also enhances your mood and ambiance, the Homvana 3.6L Cool Mist Ultrasonic Humidifier with 7 Color Light is an excellent choice. It combines a cool mist humidifier, aromatherapy diffuser, and mood lighting in one device, perfect for bedrooms, nurseries, or offices. Its large 3.6L tank lasts up to 34 hours, and the top-fill design makes refilling and cleaning easy. Operating quietly below 23dB, it’s sleep-friendly and safe, with auto shut-off and BPA-free materials. Plus, the 7 LED color options let you create a calming atmosphere tailored to your mood.
Best For: those seeking a versatile, quiet, and safe humidifier that also enhances mood and ambiance in bedrooms, nurseries, offices, or relaxation spaces.
Pros:
- Combines humidifier, aromatherapy diffuser, and mood light in one device for multifunctional use
- Large 3.6L tank provides up to 34 hours of continuous operation, reducing the need for frequent refills
- Operates quietly below 23dB with sleep mode, ensuring undisturbed rest for babies and sensitive sleepers
Cons:
- Requires essential oils to be added separately, which may require additional purchase and setup
- The LED lights, while customizable, might be distracting for some users during sleep or work
- As a 3-in-1 device, it may be slightly larger or heavier compared to single-function humidifiers, impacting portability
Dreo 4L Top Fill Humidifier for Large Rooms
For anyone with large rooms seeking reliable, all-day humidity, the Dreo 4L Top Fill Humidifier stands out thanks to its impressive 36-hour runtime and sizable tank. Its top-fill design makes refilling easy and spill-free, so maintenance is hassle-free. Operating at just 28dB, it’s quiet enough for sleep, while its advanced mist technology produces up to 40 inches of supersized mist for fast relief from dry air. The ultrafine 5μm mist particles ensure even humidity without wet surfaces. Plus, it’s a multifunctional device — doubling as an aromatherapy diffuser and night light — perfect for creating a healthier, more comfortable environment.
Best For: those seeking a reliable, quiet, and versatile humidifier for large rooms, nurseries, or indoor spaces needing all-day humidification.
Pros:
- Long 36-hour runtime with a 4L tank reduces the frequency of refills
- Quiet operation at 28dB ensures peaceful sleep and minimal disturbance
- Multifunctional design includes aromatherapy and ambient night light for added convenience
Cons:
- May be larger in size, requiring ample space for placement
- Advanced mist technology might need some initial adjustment for optimal use
- Optional cartridges for demineralization and clean mist may incur additional costs
Everlasting Comfort 2.5L Ultrasonic Cool Mist Humidifier
The Everlasting Comfort 2.5L Ultrasonic Cool Mist Humidifier stands out as an ideal choice for anyone seeking a quiet, easy-to-use device that improves indoor air quality. Its ultrasonic technology produces a soothing, cool mist perfect for bedrooms, nurseries, or offices. With adjustable mist levels and a 24-hour runtime, I can customize humidity easily, helping alleviate congestion and dry skin. The top-fill design makes refilling and cleaning simple, while the built-in aroma diffuser adds a relaxing touch. Its whisper-quiet operation, auto shut-off, and leak-proof construction make certain of safe, hassle-free use all day and night.
Best For: those seeking a quiet, easy-to-maintain humidifier that improves air quality in bedrooms, nurseries, offices, or small living spaces.
Pros:
- Ultrasonic technology provides whisper-quiet operation, ideal for sleep and work environments
- Easy top-fill design simplifies refilling and cleaning, reducing buildup
- Adjustable mist levels and 24-hour runtime offer customizable humidity control
Cons:
- Limited water capacity (2.5L) may require frequent refilling in high-use settings
- Smaller size may not be suitable for very large or open-plan rooms
- Some users may find the LED lights or aroma diffuser features unnecessary or distracting
LEVOIT OasisMist 1000S Smart Humidifier for Large Rooms
Levoit OasisMist 1000S Smart Humidifier is an excellent choice for anyone needing consistent moisture in large rooms up to 600 square feet. It runs continuously for up to 100 hours, minimizing refills and maintenance. With mist height over 5 feet and a volume of 350 mL/h, it guarantees even humidity distribution. Its user-friendly top-fill design makes refilling and cleaning simple, reducing spills. Plus, the smart Vesync app allows for scheduling, remote control, and personalized settings. With modes like Auto, Plant, Aroma, and Sleep, it adapts to various needs. Quiet and versatile, it’s perfect for creating a comfortable, well-humidified space.
Best For: those seeking a large-capacity, smart humidifier with customizable settings and quiet operation for spacious rooms up to 600 sq ft.
Pros:
- Extended runtime of up to 100 hours reduces the need for frequent refills
- User-friendly top-fill design simplifies refilling and cleaning
- Smart app integration allows scheduling, remote control, and personalized humidity settings
Cons:
- May be more expensive compared to basic humidifiers without smart features
- Larger size might require more storage space and careful placement
- Settings and app features could have a learning curve for some users
Dreo 6L Top Fill Humidifier for Large Rooms
If you’re looking to effectively humidify large rooms up to 500 square feet, the Dreo 6L Top Fill Humidifier is an excellent choice. It emits a cool, ultrafine mist that reaches up to 40 inches high, with a strong output of 300 ml/hour, and can run up to 60 hours in sleep mode thanks to its large water tank. The digital LED display, adjustable mist settings, and 15° nozzle make targeted humidification easy. Its quiet operation at 28dB ensures peaceful nights, while features like aroma support, ambient lighting, and a user-friendly design make it versatile and simple to maintain.
Best For: individuals seeking a quiet, easy-to-maintain humidifier for large rooms up to 500 sq ft with customizable features and aromatherapy support.
Pros:
- Quiet operation at only 28dB, ideal for bedrooms and nurseries
- Large 6-liter water tank provides up to 60 hours of continuous humidification
- Easy to clean modular design with optional descaling and mist cartridges
Cons:
- Descaling cartridge sold separately, requiring additional purchase
- No built-in humidistat for real-time humidity control
- Slightly heavier and larger, which may require more space for placement
LEVOIT Humidifier for Bedroom and Home, 4.5L White
For anyone seeking a reliable humidifier that combines ease of use with effective moisture delivery, the LEVOIT OasisMist 4.5L is an excellent choice. Its top-fill design with a wide opening makes refilling and cleaning simple, with no spills or messes. It operates quietly, perfect for bedrooms or living spaces, and can be used with essential oils for aromatherapy. The dual duct system provides rapid, even mist—warm or cool—while the warm mist reduces white dust for healthier humidification. With smart controls via the Vesync app, you can set schedules and adjust humidity remotely, ensuring personalized comfort and healthier air in your home.
Best For: anyone seeking a user-friendly, reliable humidifier with effective moistening, quiet operation, and smart controls for personalized comfort.
Pros:
- Easy top-fill design for hassle-free refilling and cleaning
- Quiet operation suitable for bedrooms and living spaces
- Compatible with essential oils for aromatherapy and dual mist technology for even humidification
Cons:
- May be less suitable for very small rooms due to its larger capacity
- Requires smartphone app for full smart features, which may not be preferred by all users
- Warm mist feature consumes more energy compared to cool mist models
LEVOIT Humidifier for Large Rooms (6L) with Essential Oil Diffuser, Smart App & Voice Control
When you’re looking to effectively humidify large rooms without sacrificing convenience or style, this 6L humidifier stands out. It delivers up to 60 hours of continuous mist, covering areas up to 505 square feet. Its sleek gray design fits seamlessly into any bedroom decor, while features like a top-fill tank, auto mode, and whisper-quiet sleep setting make operation effortless. The device includes an essential oil diffuser, smart app control, and voice compatibility, giving you complete control from anywhere. Safe, BPA-free, and easy to clean, it’s perfect for maintaining comfortable, healthy humidity levels in large spaces.
Best For: those seeking a large-capacity, smart-controlled humidifier with essential oil diffusion for spacious bedrooms or living areas.
Pros:
- Long-lasting operation with up to 60 hours of continuous mist, suitable for all-day use.
- Smart app and voice control for convenient remote management and customization.
- Large 6L water tank with top-fill design makes refilling easy and leak-proof.
Cons:
- Slightly larger footprint may not be ideal for small spaces.
- Higher price point compared to basic models without smart features.
- Requires regular filter and aroma pad replacements for optimal performance.
Dreo 8L Smart Humidifier for Large Rooms
Looking to maintain perfect humidity levels in a large room? The Dreo 8L Smart Humidifier is a powerful choice, offering warm and cool mist options that reach 133°F in just 8 minutes. It can increase humidity by 18% in 20 minutes and covers up to 600 square feet with a mist output of 550 ml/h. Its large 8L tank supports up to 80 hours of continuous use, reducing refills. Smart features include a high-precision humidistat, auto mode, app control, and voice compatibility with Alexa and Google Home. Operating quietly at 28dB, it’s ideal for bedrooms, ensuring comfort without disturbance.
Best For: households or large rooms seeking customizable, quiet, and smart humidification with long-lasting operation.
Pros:
- Offers rapid warm mist reaching 133°F in just 8 minutes for quick comfort.
- Covers large spaces up to 600 ft² with a high mist output of 550 ml/h.
- Features smart controls via app and voice assistants, plus a high-precision humidistat for accurate humidity management.
Cons:
- The large size and weight may be less suitable for small or compact spaces.
- Requires regular maintenance, such as filter or cartridge replacements, to ensure optimal performance.
- Higher initial cost compared to basic humidifiers with fewer features.
Everlasting Comfort 6L Humidifier for Bedroom
The Everlasting Comfort 6L Humidifier is an excellent choice for anyone seeking a reliable solution to dry air issues in larger spaces like bedrooms or nurseries. Its 6-liter tank supports up to 50 hours of continuous operation, making it perfect for overnight use. Suitable for rooms up to 500 sq ft, it helps alleviate allergies, congestion, dry skin, and sinus problems. The filterless design with a wide opening makes cleaning quick and easy, saving time and money. With adjustable mist output and a 360° rotating nozzle, you can customize the humidity level and ensure even dispersal for maximum comfort.
Best For: those seeking a long-lasting, easy-to-clean humidifier for large bedrooms, nurseries, or indoor spaces up to 500 sq ft to alleviate dryness and improve air quality.
Pros:
- Supports up to 50 hours of continuous operation with a 6L tank, ideal for overnight use
- Filterless design with wide opening makes cleaning quick and cost-effective
- Adjustable mist output and 360° rotating nozzle provide customized humidity and even dispersal
Cons:
- May be too large for small or compact spaces
- No built-in humidistat for automatic humidity regulation
- Essential oils need to be added manually through the tray, which may require periodic refilling
Everlasting Comfort 6L Humidifier for Large Rooms
If you need a reliable humidifier that can comfortably cover large rooms, the Everlasting Comfort 6L Humidifier is an excellent choice. Its sizable 6-liter tank runs up to 60 hours on a single fill, making it ideal for spaces up to 500 square feet, like bedrooms, nurseries, or offices. You can customize humidity levels with high, medium, or low mist settings, and the adjustable nozzle provides 360° coverage for even distribution. Its top-fill, leak-proof design makes refilling effortless, while the filterless surface is easy to clean. Quiet operation, auto shut-off, and aromatherapy support add to its convenience and effectiveness for maintaining ideal indoor comfort.
Best For: those seeking a large-capacity, quiet, and versatile humidifier suitable for big rooms like bedrooms, nurseries, offices, or entire homes.
Pros:
- Large 6L water tank provides up to 60 hours of continuous use, reducing frequent refills
- Adjustable mist levels and 360° nozzle ensure even humidity distribution across large spaces
- Top-fill, leak-proof design makes refilling quick and mess-free, with easy-to-clean surfaces
Cons:
- May be too large for small rooms or spaces with limited space for setup
- Lacks built-in Wi-Fi or app connectivity for remote control
- Aromatherapy diffuser feature requires essential oils, which may not be suitable for all users
Vicks Warm Mist Humidifier for Bedroom and Large Rooms
When I need reliable humidification for large spaces or bedrooms, the Vicks Warm Mist Humidifier is my go-to choice because it covers up to 600 square feet and runs quietly all night. Its 1-gallon tank provides 24 hours of continuous moisture, so I don’t have to worry about refilling frequently. I appreciate its simple top-fill design, auto shut-off for safety, and no filter replacements needed. I can also add essential oils or VapoPads for soothing relief from coughs and congestion. It’s portable, easy to clean, and perfect for supporting better breathing, especially during cold and flu season.
Best For: families and individuals seeking reliable, quiet humidification for large rooms or bedrooms up to 600 sq. ft., especially during cold and flu season.
Pros:
- Covers large spaces up to 600 sq. ft., ideal for bedrooms and big rooms
- Operates quietly for undisturbed sleep and restful nights
- No filter replacements required, with easy top-fill design and auto shut-off for safety
Cons:
- Uses a 1-gallon tank that requires refilling every 24 hours, which may be inconvenient for some users
- Cannot be used with essential oils directly in the water tank (must be added via compatible products)
- May be slightly bulky for very small spaces or minimal use environments
Factors to Consider When Choosing a Moisturizing Humidifier for Bedroom
When choosing a humidifier for your bedroom, I look closely at factors like capacity and runtime to guarantee it lasts overnight. Noise level and sleep mode are also important because I want a device that won’t disturb my rest. Additionally, I consider how easy it is to clean, adjust mist output, and the safety features included to keep things hassle-free and secure.
Humidifier Capacity & Runtime
Choosing the right humidifier for your bedroom hinges largely on its capacity and runtime. A larger water tank means longer operation without frequent refills, which is especially helpful overnight. Models with at least 2.5 liters can run for 20-25 hours on low mist settings, providing continuous moisture without interruption. Keep in mind, higher mist output levels consume more water and reduce overall runtime. To get the best experience, select a humidifier that matches your room size and how long you want between refills. Some models offer extended operation of up to 36-60 hours, making them ideal for overnight use or multi-day periods without maintenance. Balancing capacity and runtime ensures consistent humidity and convenience.
Noise Level & Sleep Mode
A quiet environment is crucial for restful sleep, which is why noise level and sleep mode features are essential considerations when selecting a humidifier for your bedroom. Humidifiers operating below 30dB are considered ultra-quiet, making them ideal for undisturbed sleep, while those at or below 26dB produce a whisper-like sound, ensuring minimal disturbance. Many models include sleep modes that automatically turn off display lights and reduce mist output, creating a calming atmosphere. These features help promote uninterrupted rest by minimizing noise and light distractions. Choosing a humidifier with low noise levels and effective sleep mode options ensures you enjoy the benefits of proper humidity without sacrificing your sleep quality. It’s a simple upgrade that can greatly improve your nighttime comfort.
Maintenance & Cleaning Ease
Since maintaining a quiet environment is key to good sleep, it’s also worth considering how easy it is to keep your humidifier clean. I look for models with wide openings or top-fill designs because they make refilling and cleaning much simpler. Detachable or removable parts are a big plus—they help me thoroughly clean all components and prevent mold or mineral buildup. I make a habit of cleaning the water tank and mist outlet weekly to stay bacteria-free. Choosing humidifiers with straightforward maintenance instructions or automatic cleaning features reduces effort and worry. Additionally, I prefer devices made from BPA-free and antimicrobial materials, which promote safer, easier sanitation. Overall, a user-friendly design saves time and keeps my bedroom environment healthier.
Mist Output & Control
When selecting a humidifier for your bedroom, paying attention to mist output and control options is essential for maintaining a comfortable environment. Adjustable mist output lets me tailor humidity levels based on room conditions and personal preference, preventing over- or under-humidification. A 360-degree nozzle is a game-changer, allowing me to direct mist evenly across the room for consistent moisture. Digital or manual controls give me precise regulation of mist intensity and duration, making it easy to customize settings. Some models include built-in hygrometers or humidity sensors that automatically maintain my desired humidity level, removing the guesswork. Consistent mist output ensures my space stays comfortably moist without dry spots or excess dampness, promoting a healthier, more relaxing environment.
Safety Features Included
Safety features are essential to guarantee my humidifier operates securely and without risk. I look for units with auto shut-off, which activates when water runs low, preventing dry burning and potential hazards. Many models use BPA-free materials, making them safe around kids, pets, and sensitive skin. Leak-proof designs and wide-mouth tanks also help prevent spills and make refilling easier and safer. Certifications like ETL or UL ensure the humidifier meets strict safety standards for electrical and fire safety, giving me peace of mind. Additionally, stable bases prevent tipping, and quiet operation minimizes sleep disruptions. These features collectively ensure the humidifier functions safely, reducing risks and enhancing my comfort and confidence in using the device nightly.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Often Should I Clean My Humidifier to Prevent Mold Growth?
You should clean your humidifier at least once a week to prevent mold growth. I make it a habit to empty the tank, wash all parts thoroughly with soap and water, and dry them completely before refilling. If you notice mineral buildup or a musty smell, clean it more frequently. Regular cleaning keeps your humidifier safe, efficient, and free from mold or bacteria, ensuring healthier air in your bedroom.
Do Humidifiers Help Alleviate Specific Respiratory Conditions?
Yes, humidifiers can help alleviate certain respiratory conditions. I’ve found that adding moisture to the air eases symptoms like dry throat, congestion, and irritated sinuses, especially during winter or in dry climates. For people with asthma or allergies, maintaining proper humidity levels can reduce flare-ups. Just make sure to keep your humidifier clean to prevent mold and bacteria, ensuring it’s safe and effective for respiratory relief.
Can I Use Essential Oils Safely in All Humidifiers?
You can’t safely use essential oils in all humidifiers. I’ve learned that many humidifiers aren’t designed for oils, which can damage the device or cause health issues. If I want to use essential oils, I make sure to choose a humidifier specifically made for that purpose or use a separate diffuser. Always read the manufacturer’s instructions to avoid any risks and keep my air healthy and safe.
What Is the Ideal Humidity Level for a Bedroom in 2025?
The ideal humidity level for a bedroom in 2025 is between 40% and 60%. I recommend aiming for around 45-50% for comfortable breathing and to prevent mold or dust mites. Using a hygrometer helps me monitor the levels easily. Maintaining this range keeps my skin hydrated, my sleep quality high, and my room feeling cozy without the risks associated with too much humidity.
Are Smart Humidifiers More Energy-Efficient Than Traditional Models?
Yes, smart humidifiers are generally more energy-efficient than traditional models. I’ve noticed they adapt better to room conditions, automatically turning on or off as needed, which saves energy. Plus, their precise control means they don’t run longer than necessary. I recommend investing in a smart humidifier if you want a device that’s eco-friendly, cost-effective, and keeps your bedroom comfortable without wasting power.
Conclusion
Choosing the right humidifier can truly transform your sleep quality and overall comfort. Did you know that maintaining ideal humidity levels between 40-60% can reduce airborne viruses by up to 85%? Investing in a quality humidifier not only boosts your health but also creates a cozy, relaxing environment. With so many great options on this list, you’re sure to find one that fits your needs and keeps your bedroom perfectly moist and inviting.
